Testicular Cancer Health Information

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Testicular cancer is a rare disease in men caused by abnormal growth of cells of the testicle. The testicles (or testes) are located inside the scrotum, the loose bag of skin that hangs below the penis. Each testicle (or testis) produces sperm. Cancer of the testicles is not a common cancer and is responsible for less than one percent of all cancer deaths. It is the most common cancer in men aged 20 to 34. It is important for men to be aware of the disease so that they can recognise the symptoms. If caught early, testicular cancer can usually be treated and cured. The most common types of testicular cancer are seminoma and teratoma. Seminomas are made up of a single type of cell, whereas teratomas consist of more than one type of testicular cell.

Causes of Testicular Cancer:

Factors that are thought to make testicular cancer more likely include:
  • having a brother who had testicular cancer
  • fertility problems
  • having a rare complication of mumps called mumps orchitis (painful swelling of the testis)
  • men born with an undescended testicle (one that remains in the abdominal cavity rather than descending into the scrotum)

Symptoms of Testicular Cancer:

Symptoms of testicular cancer include:
  • lump, irregularity or swelling in one testicle
  • a pulling sensation or feeling of unusual heaviness in the scrotum
  • a dull ache in the groin or lower abdomen
  • pain or discomfort (which may come and go) in the testicle or scrotum
  • tenderness or enlargement of tissue in the breast area a sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum (called a hydrocele).

Cures / Preventions for Testicular Cancer:

Testicular cancer can't be prevented. To help detect it early, you should be aware of how your testicles feel normally, so that you notice any unusual lumps, irregularities, enlargements or areas of firmness.

Treatment for Testicular Cancer:

Types of treatment for testicular cancer include:
  • Surgery - Surgical removal of the affected testis (orchidectomy) is the normal treatment for testicular cancer.
  • Chemotherapy and radiotherapy - Chemotherapy drugs are often given together with surgery. Radiation is focused to treat just the area of the cancer.

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